Sustainable economic development : concept, principles and management from Islamic perspective

The basic concern of development in Islamic economic system is on human welfare. This is in line with the very basic objective of Islamic jurisprudence (Shari’ah ) which puts important to the welfare of the people and their relief from hardship. Economic development should be consistent with this central objective of shari`ah. The center for development process in Islam relies on man as an economic agent. It is man to be educated on the entire development process by integrating sosial development, economic development and environmental conservation and protection. This paper attempts to explain the concept, principles and management of sustainable economic development from Islamic perspective. The paper would start by defining the concept of sustainable economic development and development goals. Next, the Islamic principles for sustainable economic development would be discussed, followed by the discussion on the management of sustainable economic development from Islamic perspective. In conclusion, the paper strongly suggests the economic development process to fully adhere to the Islamic principles as the key for sustainable development which covers both the material and non-material aspects of life. Keywords: Sustainable development, Economic development, management, Islamic economics, economic syste

Penggunaan Wasilah Dakwah terhadap Anak-Anak Pemulung Waduk Permai

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian participation action research (PAR), dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sebagai penelitian PAR keterlibatan masyarakat sangat dominan karena merekalah yang mengetahui permasalahannya dan bagaimana pemecahannya (problem solving). Dalam hal ini peneliti dan tim memetakan persoalan mereka dan ikut urung rembuk dalam mencari problem solvingnya. Sehingga, dalam berdakwah bisa ditemukan wasilah yang tepat dan sesuai dengan usia anak-anak pemulung. Sebagai satu kesimpulan dari penelitian pelaksanaan dakwah keagamaan pada anak-anak pemulung Waduk Permai melalui media dakwah di Surau Ikhwanul Muslimin Kota Pontianak, didapatkan beberapa poin penting sebagai berikut: pertama, Kegiatan dakwah keagamaan melalui wasilah ini dilakukan pada anak-anak pemulung yang ada di Waduk Permai, Kota Pontianak; kedua, Kegiatan dakwah keagamaan melalui wasilah pada anak-anak pemulung dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik; ketiga, Secara substansi, kegiatan dakwah keagamaan melalui wasilah telah berhasil menumbuhkan semangat keagamaan, kemandirian sikap, kekompakan anak-anak dan kecintaan mereka terhadap ilmu pengetahuan agama Islam; keempat, Pelaksanaan kegiatan dakwah keagamaan melalui wasilah pada anak-anak pemulung Waduk Permai juga telah mampu memberikan semangat dan perhatian dari para pemerhati dakwah Islam di dunia kampus khususnya IAIN Pontianak sebagai kampus negeri yang berorietasi agama

Economic Role of Zakat in Reducing Income Inequality and Poverty in Selangor

This study attempts to examine the economic role of zakat as a mechanism to reduce income inequalities and poverty in the state of Selangor. The target population of this study is the fuqara and masakin categories of the Pusat Zakat Selangor (PZS) zakat recipients. Purposive sampling procedure is applied to collect primary data related to zakat recipients from the poor and needy category of the nine districts of Selangor. Inequality and poverty maps are derived based on the collected data. These facilitate an examination of the most affected area of income inequality and an analysis of poverty within the context of selected socio economic variables. The effects of zakat distribution on income inequality and welfare loss are examined by using Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and the Atkinson index. The first two measures make no explicit use of any concept of social welfare represent a positive measure. The Atkinson index which represents a normative measure of inequality, takes into account, the social welfare and income loss incurred from unequal income distribution. The effects of zakat distribution on poverty are analyzed within the context of burden of poverty; specifically in terms of incidence, intensity and severity of poverty. These are examined using five major indices of poverty, which include the household count ratio, average poverty gap, income gap, Sen index and FGT index. Empirical findings of the positive measures of the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient indicate the positive contributions of zakat distribution in reducing income inequality. However results related to the Atkinson index show that the current practice of zakat distribution increases income inequality, increases income loss, and reduces social welfare. On a positive note though, the analysis reveal that zakat distribution reduces poverty incidence, reduces the extent of poverty and lessens the severity of poverty. Hence, experimenting five simulations pertaining to the different models of zakat distribution in attempt to offer alternative zakat distribution model in terms of greatest reduction in income inequality and maximization of social welfare extend this study. The best model of zakat distribution identified is based on had-kifayah. The above findings together with the identification of the group most affected by income inequality and poverty will pave the way towards policies for a more effective and efficient utilization of scarce zakat resources

PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI BIOMASSA Chlamydomonas sp. ICBB 9113 DIKULTIVASI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA YANG MURAH: EFEKTIFITAS DARI BEBERAPA METODE EKSTRAKSI

The main challenges to overcome in biodiesel production from microalgae are lower oil yield, as compared to those derived from plant and animal biomass, and expensive culture media. This work was aimed to compare the effectivity of three extraction methods differed in solvent used, e.g. n-hexane (N-hex), ethanol (Eth), and mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (CMW), to extract crude lipid and biodiesel from dry biomass of Chlamydomonas sp. ICBB 9113. This microalgae was cultivated in a cheap culture media using N and P soil fertilizers as nutrient sources. The results showed that, by using N-hex, Eth, and CMW methods, it could be extracted, respectively, 0.06%, 4.51%, and 20.45% crude lipid, and 384.2, 1333.8, and 2430.6 mg/100g biodiesel. The fatty acid profile of the studied microalgae biomass was: C8:0 (0.11%), C10:0 (0.09%), C14:0 (7.70%), 16:0 (1.39%), C18:0 (0.85%), C14:1 (5.12%), C16:1 (7.09%), C18:1 (8.28%), C18:2 (12.80%), and C18:3 (42.57%). Fatty acid characterization showed that Chlamydomonas sp. ICBB 9113 was dominated by C18: 3 and C16:0. Therefore, these microlagae were suitable to be used as raw material for biodiesel production to substitute the conventional fuel

Inflation and companies’ performance: a crosssectional analysis

Inflation is a major problem in many countries because during inflation, the purchasing power of money declines as the prices of goods and services increase. The impact of inflation affects the profits by reacting on sales volume and also influencing the level of costs. Manufacturing companies play an important role and have large influence on the Malaysian economy for the past three decades because it contributes almost 80% of overall country’s export. Company’s performance can be indicated by the gross profits obtained from the comprehensive income statement of the company. Manufacturing companies need to be aware of the impact of inflation to sustain the manufacturing company’s performance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze whether there is a significant impact of inflation on manufacturing companies’ performance in Malaysia. Cross-sectional study will be used in this study. Fifty manufacturing companies will be chosen based on the population. Cluster random sampling is going to be used in this study along with correlation analysis, to understand how changes in gross profit is affected by the rate of inflation. The finding of research shows that there is a positive relationship between gross profit and inflation rate. This indicates inflation in fact contributed to a higher earning in manufacturing companies instead of lowering profit

PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI BAITUL QIRADH BINA INSAN MANDIRI (BQ-BIMA) BANDA ACEH Patmawati

The study of the establishment of economic building program of Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri (BQ-BIMA) Banda Aceh aimed at analysing the type of the establishment of community economic building program in Banda Aceh and intended to examine Syariah principle implemented by BQ- BIMA when financing for business capital to clients. In achieving this goals, the researcher used interview and observation as the primary source in collecting data while books, journals, magazines and other sources related to the issue of this study are regarded as secondary references. In addition, inductive and deductive analysis of qualitative method were used in analysing the data. Inductive analysis in the form of interview initiated the type of economic building program established by BQ-BIMA Banda Aceh. Indeed, deductive method from observation, books, journals and other related sources added more information in summaryzing the type of establishment of this program. Through investigation and analysis it was found that the program run by BQ-BIMA Banda Aceh was funding project for home industry and peniaga kecil aman dari terjadinya keredit macet. BQ-BIMA Banda Aceh applies the following procedure in giving the loan: understanding the characteristic of consumer need, undertanding (human capacity), (capital), (economic condition), (collateral), and the right implementation of Fiqh principles. Furthermore, BQ-BIMA also supervised the client that they are able to return the loan in time, the bond was physically conquered, administration of debitor company was made neat and organized as well as supervised. The establisment of community economic building program of BQ-BIMA support the implementation of Islamic economy principles, assisting other, business, avoidin

Revisiting Zakat Distribution on Income Inequality and Welfare: The Malaysia Experience

This paper attempts to analyze the effects of zakat distribution on income inequality and welfare aspects of the poor Muslim society in Malaysia. The population of the study is the poor and hardcore poor of the zakat recipients in Selangor.  Exploring the cross sectional micro level data of nine districts in Selangor, Malaysia, this study adopted Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient to represent positive measures of income inequality.  However, these measures do not take into account the welfare effects of the distribution to the society.  Hence, Atkinson index is adopted to represent the normative measures of inequality that takes into account the welfare effects of the zakat distribution to society.   Results of the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve have proven effectiveness of zakat distribution in reducing income inequality of the society. Whilst the theory of zakat says that zakat distribution will improve income inequality and welfare of the society, findings of the normative measures in this research show otherwise.  Therefore, this study is extended with zakat distribution simulation model based on had kifayah.  Results from the distribution simulation model proved the ability of zakat in narrowing down income inequality, reducing income loss and hence increasing the welfare of the society

Hubungan Gambaran Diri dengan Kecemasan pada Remaja Cacat Fisik di Balai Rehabilitasi Terpadu Penyandang Disibilitas Yogyakarta

Latar belakang: Usia remaja ditandai dengan pertumbuhan yang cepat dan perubahanperubahan salah satunya perubahan fisik. Remaja yang cacat fisik akan menghadapi masalah yang cukup sulit, cacat fisik yang dialaminya akan membuat remaja merasa malu, tidak percaya diri atau disebut dengan gangguan gambaran diri. Pandangan yang realistik terhadap diri, rasa percaya diri yang rendah menyebabkan seorang remaja menolak kecacatan yang dialaminya dan menimbulkan rasa cemas yang berlebihan. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gambaran diri dengan tingkat kecemasan pada remaja cacat fisik di Balai Rehabilitasi Terpadu Penyandang Disabilitas Provinsi DIY. Metode penelitian: Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2012, dengan desain penelitian deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposiv sampling sejumlah 34 responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Chi-square. Hasil: Analisis hubungan gambaran diri dengan tingkat kecemasan di Balai Rehabilitasi Terpadu Penyandang Disabilitas Provinsi DIY, didapatkan t hitung 7,898 dan nilai signifikan (p) 0,019. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan lebih kecil dari 0,05 (p<0, 05). Hal ini menunjukkan Ha diterima Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara gambaran diri dengan tingkat kecemasan pada remaja cacat fisik di Balai Rehabilitasi Terpadu Penyandang Disabilitas Provinsi DIY. Saran: Bagi Tenaga Balai Rehabilitasi Terpadu Penyandang Disabilitas Provinsi Diy diharapkan agar dapat mengidentifikasi masalah kecemasan yang dialami penyandang cacat

Intention Determinant Factors Of Muzakki To Pay Zakat During Covid 19 Pandemic 2020 In Wilayah Persekutuan

The study examines the intention determinant factors of muzakki to pay zakat. The determinant factors under studied include compliance to pay zakat, trust, knowledge about zakat, motivation for paying zakat, zakat payment methods, zakat regulation and zakat board management members. The framework of the study is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Population of the study is the 2020 PPZ MAIWP zakat payers. The population is divided into four sub groups which are: (i) New Zakat Payers, (ii) Zakat payers in 2020 who pay more than 2019, (iii) Zakat payers who have not paid zakat for 5 years or more and pay back in 2020, and (iv) Consistent zakat payers for a minimum period of 10 years. The samples of the study are 400 zakat payers selected based on stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument is questionnaires. The questions are adapted from various previous studies and the measurements used a 5-point Likert scale. Open-ended questions were also asked in the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive analysis were carried out to analyze the demography of the respondents, the influence level of each factor towards intention to pay zakat, and also to rank the determinant factors according to their priority list based on the mean score value of each factor. Correlation analysis to measure the relationship of quotation performance factors with the intention to pay zakat. The findings showed that the score mean of each factor are either very high or high, indicating very high or high influenced level of each factor towards intention to pay zakat by the respondents. There is also positive relationship between the factors and the intention to pay zakat. The results of this study will give good indication to the PPZ management to improvise the zakat collection management in the Federal Territor

IMPLEMENTASI DAKWAH MELALUI PEMBINAAN KEAGAMAAN PADA KOMUNITAS PEREMPUAN PENOREH GETAH DI NANGA JAJANG KAPUAS HULU

Nanga Jajang merupakan perkampungan di pedalaman Ulu Kapuas yang dihuni oleh mayoritas muslim dengan pekerjaan sebagai penoreh getah, khususnya kalangan perempuan. Harga karet yang rendah mengakibatkan perekonomian mereka terpuruk. Kesulitan ekonomi dibarengi juga dengan pemahaman keagamaan yang rendah. Karena tidak adanya pendidikan formal atau putus sekolah dan Sumber Daya Manusia yang tidak memadai. Walaupun begitu, mereka memiliki semangat beragama yang tinggi. Kondisi inilah yang melatari kami melaksanakan kegiatan dakwah melalui pembinaan keagamaan dengan pendekatan PAR (participation action research), dimana perempuan penoreh getah yang menemukan masalahnya sendiri, dan mencari solusinya secara bersama-sama. Pembinaan keagamaan melibatkan Majelis Taklim Asy-Syuhada Nanga Jajang, Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Pengkadan (Nanga Jajang bagian dari kecamatan Pengkadan), Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) sebagai organisasi keagamaan di kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, dan Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia (HIMPSI) Kalimantan Barat dalam bentuk pendampingan dan penguatan mental bagi perempuan penoreh getah. Pembinaan keagamaan meliputi: bimbingan keagamaan dan motivasi beragama, bimbingan ibadah (fiqh), bimbingan kemuslimatan (fiqh muslimah), bimbingan psikologi dan akhlak, bimbingan fardu kifayah dan bimbingan al-Quran. Hasil pembinaan keagamaan terhadap perempuan penoreh getah nampak dengan tumbuhnya semangat keagamaan, kemandirian sikap, dan kecintaan mereka terhadap ilmu pengetahuan Islam. Mereka menyadari akan kekurangan dan ketidakmengertian mereka mengenai banyak hal dalam persoalan agama. Munculnya para pemerhati dakwah, khususnya mereka yang kami libatkan dalam pembinaan keagamaan baik secara perorangan maupun organisasi. Akhirnya pembinaan keagamaan terhadap perempuan penoreh getah masih tetap berlangsung sampai sekarang melalui majelis taklim Asy-Syuhada sebagai mitra kami dalam pembinaan keagamaan ini